Financial stress, neighborhood stress, and well-being: mediational and moderational models
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montpetit2015 - p. 5
Participants included a subsample of the 778 individuals who took part in the Notre Dame Study of Health and Well-Being (NDHWB). Participants were randomly selected from in and around a mid-sized Midwestern city, and were mailed packets of questionnaires assessing several factors related to aging such as stress, protective factors, and well-being, that they returned by mail, along with an informed consent form.
montpetit2015 - p. 6
The second sample comprised the subsample of participants from Successful Aging in Context: The Macro-environment and Daily Lived Experience (SAIC) who had completed the same measures. SAIC participants were community-dwelling elders aged between 60 and 74 years and recruited from five counties in Central Illinois using strat-ified random sampling procedures, oversampling from traditionally underrepresented groups.
montpetit2015 - p. 6
Psychological well-being—The 84-item Psychological Well-Being Scales (Ryff & Keyes, 1995) assessed psychological well-being. Example questions include, “If I were unhappy with my living situation, I would take effective steps to change it” and “For the most part, I am proud of who I am and the life I lead.” Participants responded by selecting a number from 1 (stronglydisagree) to 4 (stronglyagree). Items were reverse scored as necessary; high scores indicated a greater psychological well-being (Cronbach’s α = 0.97).
montpetit2015 - p. 7
Financial stress—Financial stress was measured as responses on five self-report questions (Brim et al., 2011). Respondents rated the first two questions on a scale ranging from 0 (worst) to 10 (best): “How would you rate your current financial situation?” and “Looking ahead ten years into the future, what do you expect your financial situation will be like at that time?” Respondents rated the next two questions on a scale ranging from 0 (none) to 10 (verymuch): “How much control do you have over your current financial situation?” and “How much thought and effort do you put into your current financial situation?” The final question asked, “In general, which of the statements below describes the current financial situation of you and your family?”
montpetit2015 - p. 7
Neighborhood stress—Neighborhood stress was assessed using a 12-item scale measuring participants’ perceptions of the safety and physical condition in their neighborhoods (Ryff, Magee, Kling, & Wing, 1999).
montpetit2015 - p. 7
Social integration—Social integration, the degree to which respondents feel connected to and supported by their communities at large, was measured using a 9-item subscale of Keyes’ (1998) Social Well-Being measure.
montpetit2015 - p. 8
Financial stress significantly predicted psychological well-being, F(1, 689) = 151.07, p<.001, R2adjusted = 0.18, β = −0.43, p<. 0001
montpetit2015 - p. 8
neighborhood stress, F(1, 689) = 91.67, p<.0001, R2adjusted = 0.12, β = 0.35, p<. 0001.
montpetit2015 - p. 8
Neighborhood stress significantly predicted psychological well-being, F(1, 689) = 73.20, p<.0001, R2adjusted = 0.09, β = −0.31, p<.0001.
montpetit2015 - p. 8
nce neighborhood stress was added to the financial stress → psychological well-being model, the coefficient describing this relationship diminished in size, F(2, 688) = 91.73, p<.0001, R2adjusted = 0.21, β = −0.36, p<.0001 Accordingly, this test revealed that neighborhood stress did partially mediate the relationship between financial stress and psychological well-being (Z= 6.81, p<.0001)
montpetit2015 - p. 9
Neighborhood stress predicted psychological well-being, F(1, 689) = 73.20, p<.0001, R2adjusted = 0.09, β = −0.31, p<.0001
montpetit2015 - p. 9
social integration also predicted well-being, F(1, 689) = 424.69, p<.0001, R2adjusted = 0.38, β = 0.62, p<.000
montpetit2015 - p. 9
interaction between neighborhood stress and social integration was significant, F(3,687) = 150.27, p<.0001, R2adjusted = 0.39, β = −0.06, p= .02,